Saturday, December 28, 2019

A Brief Note On Cross Cultural Communication And...

Cross-Culture Communication Competence in Global Business Celeste Aisien Lo COMS 2331 Dr. Richard Bello April 29th 2015 Competence in cross-cultural communication and understanding cultural differences is becoming more crucial in today’s society. Technology is advancing in a rapid pace and is allowing more opportunities in migration therefore existing countries has never had so much to do with each other until today. As a result of becoming inter-connected, global business is progressing rapidly. Majority of countries are participating in global business transactions, international alliances and multinational joint ventures. However, recent studies suggest that these organizations often find failure as a result of poor cross-cultural communication. Researches have analyzed the aspects of effective cross-cultural communication, how it affects business communication and why the communication is ineffective when it is. According to Becker Bsat (2014), learning the skills of â€Å"proper behavior† on an international level is one of the most important elements necessary for business success and growth. Chaney Martin’s (2007) analysis suggest that there is â€Å"international business culture† which defines acceptable behavior and orientation in an international social and business setting. Although Beckers Bsat (2014) did not title their research â€Å"international business culture†, their work aligns with Chaney and Martin’s (2007) claims. Beckers Bsat (2014) used theShow MoreRelatedInterview : Interview A Foreign Colleague1705 Words   |  7 Pagesforeign colleague to identify the relevance between the concepts you have mastered in this course and your ongoing efforts at cross-cultural leadership. Instructions: 1. Identify a foreign colleague within your organization or someone with significant international work experience who is in a position to answer your questions, and arrange a brief (15 minute) interview. Note: This person does not necessarily have to be a person in a senior leadership or management position. You may find it most expedientRead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of Nonverbal Communication in School1661 Words   |  7 PagesDisadvantages of Nonverbal communication in School is an important topic to be learned by human beings. This paper explores various techniques that can be utilized to manage conflict in the workplace. Advantages and Disadvantages of Nonverbal Communication in School Introduction â€Å"People cannot live without each other, we are social beings† (Marwijk). Students from different levels and cultures love to hang out with each other thus using different nonverbal communication which may build or breakRead MoreChronic Illness and Patient-doctor Communication: Annotated Bibliography2005 Words   |  9 Pages Cerimagic, S. (2013). Cross-cultural effects on cancer patient-doctor communication. European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 1 (12), 192-200. In this qualitative research, Cerimagic aims at determining whether a patient’s culture, language, and race affect the quality of the patient-doctor relationship and communication. The researcher used a secondary analysis methodology in order to conduct a systematic review of existing literature and past research findings. Thease recent and pastRead MoreApplication Of The Position Of Engagement836 Words   |  4 Pagesthe majority of Asian nations, for instance, in many Asian countries, it is not uncommon that students only need to learn the facts and reflect them in the exam, inevitably, those with good memories can actually gain a good mark without better understanding and comprehension. Therefore, it is highly likely that some of the students may feel a lack of real creative or intellectual skills after studying abroad. It is also possible that they might suffer from their previous learning experiences for aRead MoreHow Culture Affects Negotiation Styles3614 Words   |  15 PagesAssignment 3 Literature Review 219.703 Advanced Business Communication Lecturer: Mingshing Li Semester One 2015 Abstract This literature review paper will review the effects of culture on negotiations, using New Zealand and Thailand as the key countries of comparison. It will first cover how culture general affects negotiations. Then, it will compare the general culture in New Zealand and Thailand in summary. After that, using Hostede’s cultural dimensions, the cultures New Zealand and Thailand willRead MoreMajor Leadership Patients Faced by Global Leaders in Leading Todays Multicultural Organizations2119 Words   |  8 Pagesfor organizations because they must manage diverse cross-cultural workers, customers, suppliers, investors as well as competitors increasingly (Javidan et al, 2006). The challenge of globalization is that companies have to adapt or die. Adaptability will be the ultimate characteristic which differentiates successful from unsuccessful companies (McCallum, 2001). Therefore, the need for understanding different communication practices and cultural values has become quite significant (Artiz and WalkerRead MoreAn Introduction to Intercultural Communication29172 Words   |  117 PagesIntercultural Communication Intercultural communication is of importance to international businesses as it examines how people from different cultures, beliefs and religions come together to work and communicate with each other. Demands for intercultural communication skills are increasing as more and more businesses go global or international. They realize that there are barriers and limitations when entering a foreign territory. Without the help of intercultural communication they can unknowinglyRead MoreHow Toyota Operates Its Philosophies between Japan and Thailand3934 Words   |  16 PagesAsian Institute of Technology School of Management SM71.42 Cross-cultural Management How does Toyota operate its philosophies between Japan and Thailand? [pic] Tutor: Prof. Dr. Marie-Thà ©rà ¨se Claes Group 1: †¢ Ms. Phung Viet Ha †¢ Ms. Nguyen Le Hang †¢ Mr. Vu Quang Linh †¢ Mr. Nguyen Van Ha †¢ Mr. Nguyen Trung Thuc Date: SeptemberRead MoreWhat Do You Consider Are the Most Important Strategic Challenges for Today’s Hr Practitioners Operating in Multi- or Transnational Companies?2728 Words   |  11 Pagesyou consider are the most important strategic challenges for today’s HR practitioners operating in multi- or transnational companies? Critically discuss your position drawing on ideas and arguments raised during the semester and with reference to a brief example from industry. Introduction Nowadays, with the increased level of globalization and advance in technology, new markets and international business have grown dramatically in the whole world. As a consequence, firms are now experiencing fierceRead MoreCultural Proficiency : A Manual For School Leaders Essay1792 Words   |  8 Pagesmeaning of being culturally proficient. The Lindsey book, Cultural Proficiency: A Manual for School Leaders considers ways to foster policies and practices that provide the opportunity for effective interactions with the school members, staff and students alike and the surrounding community members (Lindsey, 2009, p.4). The book presents its historical context to tell of the effectiveness of addressing issues that emerge from cross-cultural contact. Some of the efforts derived from the desire to promote

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Analysis Of George Orwell s 1984 - 887 Words

To be able to express one’s self through thought, writing, speaking, creates a sense of identity and hope that anything is possible. In 1984, George Orwell suggests that there is hope for humanity regardless of war, terror, and conformity. Based on the events that occurred in the twentieth century, Orwell shares his warning of a possible outcome where individualism is stipped from society. Instead, a dictatorship occurs where society conforms in improving not for themselves, but for everyone. Through Winston Smith, a clerk in the Records Department, the author divulges on the true meaning of living. The novel is based on events that occurred during the mid twentieth century, also referred to as World War II. To restore order in society, a figure known as Big Brother implements laws that result in history to be altered. In order to achieve the restoration of society, the Party must first â€Å"...control the past [in order to] control the future† by conforming individua ls to what is true and what is not (248). From observation of past failures from the German Nazis and the Russian Communists, the party noticed that by letting those who revolt to cease to exist, they are perishing with their beliefs still intact feeling more prideful that they did not succumb to the enemy. Therefore, those who were suspected as criminals were sent to â€Å"room 101† to be reminded everything was a hallucination and the world revolved around Oceania though continuous torture mentally and physically.Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of George Orwell s 1984848 Words   |  4 PagesCritical Analysis In the George Orwell’s novel 1984, much of the society is watched and have no privacy of any kind. Every person in the Party is under surveillance. In effect, these people cannot live freely and independently, but it seems to be an impossible task because of of the Party surveillance, and how they limit thinking and manipulate reality. We can similarly see these concerns and their effects in today s society and the ways the novel also acts as a warning for the future. In 1984 a manRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 19841423 Words   |  6 PagesIn the novel 1984 by George Orwell, the Party has many strategies and tactics that help them have complete control of the people of Oceania. The control the Party has maintained gives them the ability to manipulate people as a result. The Party takes away the people’s freedom to have a say in their government and become their own person. They use their power to an extreme against the people rather than to help the people. The Party takes advantage of every opportunity to instill fear in the citizensRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 1984 949 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"1984† is a story which takes place in what was then the future of England. The book illustrates a dystopian society in which a government figure named â€Å"Big Brother† rules above all. The country is surrounded by eyes so to speak, devices called â€Å"telescreens† are in houses and buildings to monitor wha t all of the citizens are doing via camera. Coupled with that is the existence of the â€Å"Thought Police† whose sole job is to monitor citizens from committing â€Å"thoughtcrime† which is essentially thinkingRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 1984 923 Words   |  4 Pages1984, is a book written by George Orwell giving the reader a view of what a dystopian government would be like. The government of Oceania controls the lives of it’s citizens; posters of a figure known as â€Å"Big Brother† are seen all over and emphasize that he is always watching it’s citizens. The government enforces rules and regulations amongst it’s citizens, restricting them from giving their own opinion or even opposing the government. Thoughtcrime, face crime, and double think are all strictlyRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 19841450 Words   |  6 PagesThose familiar with George Orwell’s â€Å"1984† will recall that â€Å"Newspeak was de signed not to extend but to diminish the range of thought.† I recently felt the weight of this Orwellian ethos when many of my students sent emails to inform me, and perhaps warn me, that my name appears on the Professor Watchlist, a new website created by a conservative youth group known as Turning Point USA. I could sense the gravity in those email messages, a sense of relaying what is to come. The Professor Watchlist’sRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 19841377 Words   |  6 Pagesvarious types of governments, such include democracy, oligarchy, and more specifically, totalitarian. A totalitarian government gains extensive amounts of control and power over all of their people, and dominate over every aspect of their lives. George Orwell’s â€Å"1984,† conveys to its readers how the government presented totalitarianism and obtained control over their citizens. This action by the government compares to the massacre of the Holocaust, which portrayed the act of totalitarianism by aiming discriminationRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 19841029 Words   |  5 Pages Imagine a world where everything you knew had to be forgotten, and you knew nothing more then what was being told to you. In George Orwell’s book 1984 this is exactly the case. Winston Smith, a m iddle aged man, lives a life already planned for him. Smith works at the Ministry of Truth rewriting the news and other articles to follow the teachings of Big Brother. Big Brother is the leader of Oceania, one of three world powers, and aims to rewrite the past to control the present. Oceania is separatedRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 1984 Essay1127 Words   |  5 Pagesfirst civilizations of mankind, yet it is difficult find one that is perfect even till today. George Orwell shows an example of this within 1984. 1984 was written based on what Orwell thought the government would be like in 1984. He used his personal knowledge and experience with the government to create his story. The setting of 1984 is set in a superstate where there is a totalitarian government. Within 1984 and the 21st century one major key stands out: corruption rules both governments. Trust isRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 19841026 Words   |  5 PagesIn 1984, by George Orwell violence contributed to the plot by having three stages of reintegration. The stages are to learn, understand, and to accept, Winston was forced to learn that 2+2=5 under torture, understanding that the party is good, and seeks power for its own. Winston accepts and understands the Party and Big Brother as soon as Winston wishes the burden of torture on someone else who he loves, and to learn that Big Brother is eternal and that 2+2=5, Winston then is committed and loyalRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 1984 1122 Words   |  5 Pagesfreedom. A growing debate concerning Orwell’s 1984 relevancy is quickly on the rise. Orwell’s fear of a totalitarian society led him to write this book as he lived during the totalitarian movement in Russia. The fear of a totalitarian society spreading sparked his fear and wrote this book to make people understand that it is not benef icial to society. I feel that with the the National Security Agency in the United States, the issue and relevancy of 1984 has never been higher. The public is discovering

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Fair Value Accounting and GFC Causes Scenario

Question: Discuss about the Fair Value Accounting and GFC Causes Scenario. Answer: Introduction FVA could be traced back in 1930s. Therefore, FVA had been in use for quite a long time before the great financial crisis. It was common for organization in valuing their assets. It was viewed as a means in measuring financial liabilities and assets. Basically, fair-value accounting is usually the price at which different assets are exchange in the current transaction between willing and knowledgeable parties (Pinnuck, 2012). Furthermore, it is viewed as practice of banking institutes appraising their assets assessments on consistent basis. FVA is also viewed as quantity which would be repaid in transferring liabilities to the new debtors. It is the price which would be received in selling its assets or repaid in transmitting obligations in a logical deal in amongst the market partakers at a specific time. Thus, FVA comprises of the hypothetical market price under the idealized situations (Pozen, 2009). This means that FVA is usually the market-based measures of the value. With these considerations, this paper aims to evaluate to what extent FVA contributed to the 2007/2008 financial crisis. This would provide support for my decision of being against the move to pure fair valuation. Overview of Global Crisis The latest global crisis has been a key concern all present society, from the press to the policy-makers, academics as well as regulators across the globe (Laux Leuz, 2010). Basically, the collapse of some of the prominent financial institutions like Lehman Brothers, Wachovia, Bear Stearns and others followed by almost paralysing of general financial industry with some adverse results to overall economy, making this disaster a sole topic in a sequence of the present financial crisis. Interestingly, the uniqueness of the global financial crisis has impelled some efforts in identifying the determinants and solutions (Landsman, 2007). It is said to have been contributed by the bursting of U.S housing bubbles, though such a complicated occurrence as change in financial accounting could definitely presents some multidimensional profile. To be more specific, micro and macro events such as easy availability of financial loans, complexity of financial instruments associated with the mortgag e activities, emergency of nations current account surpluses as well as flourishing house-buying activities could be cited to be the list of factors which could have resulted to emergency of the global financial crisis. As a result, aspects contributing to recent global financial crisis could be added extreme leverage as well as extreme risk-taking of the managers as a result of moral hazards (Laux Leuz, 2009). Apart from these aspects, another occurrence which is referred to as one of the significant determinant of the global financial crisis was an overview or outline of FVA. Implementation of FVA brought about some significant regulatory variations in the accounting history, changing the importance of fair value concept. FVA contribution to the Global Financial Crisis To my analysis, I am not in favour of pure fair valuation. This is basically due to the notion that the FVA comprised of using market prices of the banking institutes in financial reports afore their acquisition costs. Under FVA in case market prices are unavailable, owners of liability or assets has to provide best available projections of the current market prices, by placing judgement on assumptions and techniques to be utilized (Kothari Lester, 2012). Thus, FVA is said to represents administrations projections of current value of gross forthcoming cash inflows exemplified in the liability or asset, which is reduced in reflecting both managements projection of risk linked to cash flows and current interest rate. To start with FVA played a significant role in deepening the 2007/2008 global recession. This is based on the fact that FVA was viewed to have played a greater role in exacerbating its severity for the banks in U.S during the 2007/2008 financial crisis which rapidly changed to the great recession of 2007/2008 (Veron, 2008). In essence, the FVA is said to have attributed to the global crisis in 2007/2008 to a greater extent since it attributed to extreme leverage in the prosperous times and resulted in extreme intolerable in performing reliable market valuation (Khan, 2010). As a result valuation issue resulted in increased or upsurged depreciation; hence, posing greater problem in the financial market. This issue arose when market for the asset valued at fair value accounting became illiquid. Further, in the year 2008, additional guidance on the manner in which securities in distressed, disrupted or illiquid markets could be accounted for were issued by FASB while others failed to properly assess estimates used by the management in valuing liabilities and assets (Shaffer, 2010). In addition, use of fair value accounting brings about some artificial volatility in the monetary reports, and in the monetary markets. Such instability is mainly supposed to be the significance of implementation of the FVA, deprived of any sign of showing underlying fundamentals. Adoption of the FVA is also said to contribute to latest global recession since it the system is said that it does not correctly reflect the manner in which it manage their main operations, focused particularly on the long-run decision and are less concerned with the short-run variations. Andr, Cazavan-Jeny, Dick, Richard and Walton (2009) argued that fair value accounting played a greater role to the latest global reces sion in that it introduces some bias into the asset valuation against the long-run illiquid assets. Such bias arise due to some difficulties that might arise while establishing the market prices for the assets using private information, one of the well-established feature of the financial institutions operations, requiring particular expertise and information. In addition, fair value accounting is said to have accelerated the 2007/2008 global financial crisis since it permitted financial institutions to finance their operations in short-term utilizing assets as security, which were dignified at extraordinary market value whenever countrys frugality was thriving (Katz, 2008). As the global financial crisis set up a vicious cycle, financial institutions had to detect a decrease in worth of their financial assets, particularly associated with the sub-prime loans. As a result value of these affects was adjusted to a lower level (Badertscher, Burks and Easton, 2010). Those financial institutions whose adjustments were not necessarily justified by the economic essentials argued that the intention of the adjustment was mainly to keep instruments till they mature. Such decline resulted to a decrease in shareholders equity. As they tried to uphold or preserve solvency levels at a obligatory point, financial institutions were mainly confronted with a predicament; hence, were enforced to increase their wealth underneath the miserable appraisal situations, sell some assets or lessen their loaning causing adverse impacts on overall economy. Sales of these assets depressed the market value of these firms and got more contaminated because of FVA (Masoud Daas, 2014). Fair value accounting is also said to attribute to the global financial crisis in that it resulted in inconsistent application across different nations (Bignon, Biondi Ragot, 2009). This is on the basis that under fair value accounting, financial institutions could present specific quantity of the transaction assets underneath the US GAAP and in turn over double the quantity. This discrepancy did not just distresses dependability of the FVA, but it also affected efficiency of the Basel II regulations which in turn resulted to global financial crisis. Introduction of FVA increased banks leverage which in turn was dangerous whenever minimum capital needs acted as the amplifier as a result of the pro-cyclicality. In this case, through good times, the accounting returns, which are measured at the fair value could increase and in turn organizations could raise their leverage (Magnan, 2009). As a result, so long all organizations purchasing at same time and moving in similar direction, pr ice of assets were expected to increase even more. By trying to keep the assets on organizations statement of financial position at fair value, organizations are given a chance to utilize these assets as improved collateral and then increase leverage further (Barth Landsman, 2010). Further, during the good times financial institutions tried to acquire other financial institutions at a higher price and any difference in between price paid and book value were recorded as goodwill. As crisis spread, the goodwill was another deadly asset and was therefore to be acknowledged at a value near to zero as a result of FVA; hence, forcing organizations leverage ratio up (Glavan, 2010). Fair value accounting is also said to contribute to the recent global financial crisis since it resulted in the excessive write-down of the financial institutions assets and to overvaluation of the banks assets. Further, FVA contributed to the recent global financial crisis since it brought about price bubbles, making financial institutions or banks to respond to the variations in the manner in which they could not act and this resulted in voyage to the superiority; hence, disappointing the stock prices. It also had incremental power on the stock prices while conditioning opinions in interest and favour of sensitive liabilities and assets. FVA also worsened the global financial crisis by generating some sliding spiral trend and decreasing market prices considerably to a level below assets primary values (Badertscher, Burks and Easton, 2011). Furthermore, FVA is said to be the main cause of the unparalleled decrease in the asset values, an unparalleled increase in variability amongst different financial institutions as well as the worst crisis in U.S. In essence, fair value accounting is said to contribute greatly to the global recession as it attributed to extreme leverage in flourishing tim e and resulted in extreme write-downs in the busts (Magnan, 2009). This write-down depleted the financial institution money and could set-off the sliding spiral, as the financial institutions are enforced in selling at the fire-sale prices that resulted in contagion as the price from the asset-fire sales was relevant for the other financial institutions. Conclusion In conclusion, I am not in favour of a move to pure fair valuation since introduction of the FVA is cited to have a significant influence to the global financial crisis. For instance, the 2007/2008 was the first global crisis in which accounting system took the fair value technique at the global scale, heightening the interest in the financial market. The main concerns about this system are that it gives room for valuation of the illiquid financial instruments as well as induced artificial pro-cyclicality and volatility. Interestingly, I am not in favour of the move to pure fair valuation since fair value permits for specific assets to be prized at a quantity where they would be swapped in the open market. The issue with this was that whenever marketplace for the asset that an organization price at the fair value became illiquid. In essence, fair value accounting is said to contribute greatly to the global recession as it attributed to extreme leverage in flourishing time and resulte d in extreme write-downs in the arrests. Further, it can be concluded that FVA attributed to 2007/2008 global recession since it resulted in a lot of distress in securities, disrupted or illiquid markets could be accounted for were issued by FASB while others failed to properly assess estimates used by the management in valuing liabilities and assets. It also brings about some artificial volatility in the monetary reports, and in the monetary markets. Further, it is evident that contribute to latest global recession since it the system is said that it does not correctly reflect the manner in which it manage their main operations, focused particularly on the long-run decision and are less concerned with the short-run variations. It is also evident that fair value accounting had significant influence in the 2007/2008 global recession in that it introduced some bias into the asset valuation against the long-run illiquid assets. Such bias resulted in some difficulties that might arise while establishing the market prices for the assets using private information, one of the well-established feature of the financial institutions operations, requiring particular expertise and information. Further, it can be concluded that fair value accounting attributed to the global financial crisis since it resulted in inconsistent application across different nations. This discrepancy did not just distresses dependability of the FVA, but it also affected efficiency of the Basel II regulations which in turn resulted to global financial crisis. Therefore, on overall I am not in favour of the move to pure fair valuation since the FVA can be said to have attributed greatly to the 2007/2008 financial crisis; hence, there is need to review this accounting practice to curb such occurrence from occurring again. With these considerations, I am not in favour of the pure fair valuation since it is believed to attribute to the recent global recession. References Andr, P, Cazavan-Jeny, A, Dick, W, Richard, C, Walton, P 2009, Fair value accounting and the banking crisis in 2008: Shooting the messenger, Accounting in Europe, 6(1), 3-24. Badertscher, BA, Burks, JJ Easton, PD 2011, A convenient scapegoat: Fair value accounting by commercial banks during the financial crisis, The Accounting Review, 87(1), 59-90. Badertscher, BA, Burks, JJ, Easton, PD 2010, Fair Value Accounting, Other-Than-Temporary-Impairments, and the Financial Crisis, The Acccounting Review, 87(1), 59-90. Barth, ME, Landsman, WR 2010, How did financial reporting contribute to the financial crisis? European accounting review, 19(3), 399-423. Bignon, V, Biondi, Y, Ragot, X 2009, An economic analysis of fair value: Accounting as a vector of crisis. Glavan, S 2010, Fair value accounting in banks and the recent financial crisis, Estabilidad financiera, (19), 53-69. Katz, D 2008, Former FDIC chief: Fair value caused the crisis, CFO. com, 29. Khan, U 2010, Does fair value accounting contribute to systemic risk in the banking industry?. Kothari, SP Lester, R 2012, The role of accounting in the financial crisis: Lessons for the future, Accounting Horizons, 26(2), 335-351. Landsman, W. R. (2007). Is fair value accounting information relevant and reliable? Evidence from capital market research. Accounting and Business Research, 37(sup1), 19-30. Laux, C Leuz, C 2009, The crisis of fair-value accounting: Making sense of the recent debate, Accounting, organizations and society, 34(6), 826-834. Laux, C Leuz, C 2010, Did fair-value accounting contribute to the financial crisis?, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 24(1), 93-118. Magnan, ML 2009, Fair value accounting and the financial crisis: messenger or contributor?, Accounting Perspectives, 8(3), 189-213. Masoud, N, Daas, A 2014, Fair-Value Accountings Role in the Global Financial Crisis?: Lessons for the Future, International Journal of Marketing Studies, 6(5), 161. Pinnuck, M 2012, A review of the role of financial reporting in the global financial crisis, Australian accounting review, 22(1), 1-14. Pozen, RC 2009, Is It Fair to Blame Fair Value Accounting for the Financial Crisis?(Digest Summary), Harvard Business Review, 87(11), 85-92. Shaffer, S 2010, Fair value accounting: villain or innocent victim-exploring the links between fair value accounting, bank regulatory capital and the recent financial crisis. Veron, N 2008, Fair value accounting is the wrong scapegoat for this crisis, Accounting in Europe, 5(2), 63-69.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Current Research On Duchenne free essay sample

# 8217 ; s Muscular Dystrophy Essay, Research Paper Duchenne # 8217 ; s muscular dystrophy is the consequence of a faulty cistron on the Ten chromosome. This cistron is responsible for production of the musculus protein dystrophin. Dystrophin is an built-in portion of the dystrophin-glycoprotein composite which bears the brunt of the force generated during muscular contraction. When dystrophin is non produced, the dystrophin-glycoprotein composite ( DCG ) is non present. Absence of the DCG leads to cryings in the musculus membrane because the musculus membrane bears the force of muscular contraction entirely. Cryings in the musculus membrane let substances to leak in and out of the musculus fibres at random. This uncontrolled # 8220 ; biochemical traffic # 8221 ; leads to eventual decease of the musculus fibres. Most of the current research on Duchenne # 8217 ; s muscular dystrophy involves cistron therapy. Research workers are trying to happen ways to present a healthy dystrophin cistron into the stricken person. This healthy cistron would bring forth the dystrophin protein thereby renewing the DGC, which would in bend kerb musculus fibre decease. We will write a custom essay sample on Current Research On Duchenne or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Surveies with mice have shown that debut of the dystrophin cistron is effectual in handling Duchenne # 8217 ; s muscular dystrophy. However, debut of the dystrophin cistron into the organic structure is no easy undertaking. Thus, many scientists are concentrating their research on ways to show the cistron to the organic structure. Viruss have a natural disposition to lodge their familial stuff in a cell # 8217 ; s karyon and therefore are primary campaigners for cistron conveyance. The dystrophin cistron is a comparatively big cistron and hence must be delivered via an adenovirus. The job with viral bringing is that the immune system of the receiver recognizes the virus as foreign and destroys both the virus and the protein it is transporting. Research workers at the University of Michigan-Ann Arbor have developed an adenvirus that is # 8220 ; gutted # 8221 ; of its ain familial stuff and consists merely of a viral shell. These â€Å"gutted† adenoviruses elicit fewer immune responses. However, it is believed that immunosuppressant drugs, such as FK506 may be necessary to to the full get the better of the immune response to adenovirus-based cistron therapy. All current cistron based research has been performed on animate beings, but this autumn, research workers at the University of Ohio-Columbus and the University of Michigan-Ann Arbor will get down a really limited human test of cistron therapy in Duchenne # 8217 ; s muscular dystrophy. The major end of the 24 hebdomad survey is to set up the safety of the cistron transportation process. The survey involves 12 participants with Duchenne # 8217 ; s muscular dystrophy and is waiting for concluding blessing from the Food and Drug Administration. Another focal point of research on Duchenne # 8217 ; s muscular dystrophy involves the protein Utrophin. Utrophin is about precisely like dystrophin, and its possible as a replacing for dystrophin has stirred much involvement. Utrophin cistrons could be introduced into the organic structure via an adenovirus ( described above ) and # 8220 ; fill in # 8221 ; for the losing dystrophin protein. The major advantage of utrophin over dystrophin is that persons with the upset already brand utrophin, so their immune systems would accept the protein and non reject it as foreign. Utrophin is coded for on chromosome 6 and is therefore unaffected by the faulty Ten chromosome. Therefore, another method of increasing utrophin would be to pull strings the utrophin cistrons already present in the musculus fibres to bring forth more. Utrophin is usually found merely at the neuromuscular junction, but to be effectual, it must wholly surround the musculus fibre. Research workers have found that during foetal life, worlds exhibit utrophin around the full musculus fibre, but as development advancements, the utrophin is replaced with dystrophin. Research workers hope to happen the # 8220 ; exchange # 8221 ; that creates this alteration and change by reversal its effects.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Healthcare Industry Money-spinners of Modern Times an Example of the Topic Health Essays by

Healthcare Industry: Money-spinners of Modern Times? INTRODUCTION In this fast-pacing modern world, people are facing a mixed bag of achievements. On one hand they are earning money and enjoying the life through countless avenues, on the other, they are driven by stress, agony and countless ailments due to lifestyle hazards or the deteriorating environmental conditions. Between these two extreme poles, Healthcare has been helping the humans to maintain their balance by caring their health, and sharing their ideas on how to achieve a fuller life with a sound mind in a healthy body. And in the present day context, Healthcare is poised to become the top industry with the rise of both health hazards and the desire of human to be more beautiful and efficient. Therefore this report probes on the pros and cons of this industry by weighing its salient features and futuristic implications, before concluding on an approbatory note. Need essay sample on "Healthcare Industry: Money-spinners of Modern Times?" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY IN BRIEF Healthcare Industry is a broad based term, encompassing a large gamut diverse industries, which some way or other helps humans in the processes of healing, body-mind building, sustaining good health, giving birth or engineering cosmetic changes. With the growth in its demand condition, this industry is also growing as one of the most competitive service sectors of the modern times, complete with technologies, corporate designs and management skills. With rapid globalisation, this industry too has seen the birth of corporate giants as the global players. For example, most of the large companies operating in the 4 billion U.K Healthcare sector (global market) belong to foreign countries, with a staggering number of 50,000 staff manning that industry (Healthcare, 2007).The impact of this sector in U.K. alone is understood when some companies thrive on analysing the portfolios of top 2000 companies in the UK Healthcare industry! This clearly speak about its prospect of further growth in the coming future (Plimsoll). The global leader of this industry is America, where it employs 13.5 million people as regular workers besides engaging 411,000 others in self-employment, where there are 545,000 establishments to run this industry (Health, 2007). According to the divisions made by the U.S. Department of Labour, Healthcare industry comprises of nine segments, and they are: Hospitals, Nursing and residential care facilities, Offices of the physicians, Offices of the dentists, Home health care services, Offices of other health practitioners, Outpatient care centres, Other ambulatory health care services and Medical and diagnostic laboratories. Together these divisions Healthcare industry in the U.S. is layered with four major categories of like Managerial, Professional, Service professional and Ministerial occupations, which cover 36 divisions of employers. DIVISIONS IN BRIEF Those nine divisions provide a somewhat identifiable shape of this industry, though they differ from each other in terms of operation. Thus a brief introduction of those divisions are given below: Hospitals: They provide complete care stretched between diagnostic services to continuous nursing care. Some of them specializes in one or more branches of medical service, all the while providing services to both inpatients or outpatients. It is understandable that the size of hospitals and their range of services grossly depend on various other factors like location, goals, philosophy, need, management policy, rush of patients, or funding. Nursing and residential care facilities: This deals more with personal care services, which can both be at home or at hospital. Offices of the physicians: This division covers the major share of this industry, as the doctors (physicians and surgeons) have the scope to serve both as an employee of an organization and as a private practitioner. Offices of the dentists: This sector also secures a good position in the industry, where most of its establishments make room for them.Home health care services: Once a small segment of the industry, this service is now growing rapidly with the growing number of senior citizens, its target market segment. Accordingly all its ancillary industries (various device-makers) are also growing. Offices of other health practitioners: This segment is comprised of professionals who service both as professional and private practitioners of a particular service. Chiropractors, speech-therapists, optometrists, podiatrists, physiotherapist, psychologists, audiologists, pathologists, dietitians and the entire group of alternative medicine practitioners belong to this rank and file. Outpatient care centres: This segment contains diverse establishments, practically covering anything diagnostics. This segment is a major player too as most of the treatments are based on it. Other ambulatory health care services: This is more or less belongs to the support system in the Healthcare industry, which deals with specific kind of transportation to its clients according to their needs its service involves ambulance, blood or organ banks, or other ambulatory services like pacemaker monitoring services or anti-smoking programmes.Medical and diagnostic laboratories: This segment is the technical branch of the diagnostics it analyses clinical data through devices or thorough culture. This segment perhaps has the lowest number of entrants in it. PRESENT STATE This industry is rapidly advancing towards many directions, mostly due to the advancement in the fields like medical research, technology related to medical devices and new approach towards the Healthcare by the customers. Newer inventions are facilitating cures to the complex ailments, and soon they are adding to the business prospects in the industry. The rush for gene therapy or organ transplants or to cosmetic surgery aptly corroborates this trend. Added to that, stunning developments in the information technology has also proved to be a blessing for this industry. Alongside, there are some noticeable changes in the approach and attitude are taking place in this industry, mostly due to fierce competition, where consumer is enjoying the privilege to determine the nature of service. It is because of this, the number of inpatients are getting thinner and the number of outpatients or in-home patients are increasing, comparing to the earlier times. Each one in the industry is bent on to prove its efficacy in many ways ranging from cost-effective service to customized care programmes. JOB ENVIRONMENT Just like its diverse nature, its job environment also varies greatly, covering many occupations, many schedules and many types of workers. As mentioned earlier, this sector in the U.S. alone employs 13.5 million people directly besides its 411,000 indirect workers. Out of those, 41 per cent of holds positions in the hospitals, 22 per cent is engaged in nursing and residential care, while 16 per cent opts for the offices of physicians. The area of their operations is somewhat dense in the big states. SKILL LEVELS Though the doctors form the most identifiable section of this industry, the apex of it belongs to the management cadres, who are the decision makers of the large houses. However, according to a general scale, a considerable range of its employees are educated at least up to graduate level. However, technically skilled people do have their niche in this industry, such the home health aides, lab technicians, dental or medical assistants or experts in physiotherapy. Due to the flexibility of this industry, all of its members more or less have the options to go private rather than sticking to the job. SCOPE FOR ADVANCEMENT Since this is mainly a service industry sector, it always has room for improvement in any direction, besides having niches for almost all to enter in one way or the other. Even a lab technician here can be in great demand for his skills, which would speak more of him/her rather than the degrees at home. Accordingly, the job opportunities here are excellent for anyone interested! In U.S. alone, the employment growth in this sector is expected to add around 3.6 million new wage and salary jobs, which is 19 per cent of the existing total.Branch wise, employment in the home health aides branch is projected to record the fastest growth in this industry which includes self-employment too. INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL SITUATIONS With the advancement of medical science, the average lifespan has increased, which has resulted in the larger number of senior citizens, This situation, coupled with the social trend of opting for unit family or fast and engaged lifestyle of the children of these senior citizens has made them increasingly dependent on the home health services or paid personal care. If solitary sojourn has resulted the rise in home Healthcare services, the flashy lifestyle and hard competitions have brought in a new range of diseases, of which psychosomatic problems dominating the scene. This in turn has brought the psychologists and the counselors in the limelight ever than before. On the other hand, the constant upswing in the medical costs has forced 45 million U.S. citizens uncovered by any medical insurance and 250 million having only partial coverage (Medretreat, 2007). This situation is has opened another extension of Healthcare Medical Tourism. This new offspring of Healthcare industry is arranging medical treatment of those U.S. citizens in the developing countries, where the medical expense is far cheaper than U.S., so much so that citizens who cannot afford to pay the insurance bill would be able to afford the luxury trips in the exotic locations in those countries. This new sector is also showing promise to rope in a good chunk of 350 million Americ ans who are willing to opt for cosmetic surgery (Medretreat, 2007). Another interesting angle of social influence on this industry can be found in the rapid growth of the usage of alternative medicine, which contains services like teaching yoga or specific breathing techniques according to the ancient, oriental traditions. This trend has ushered in a new generations of healing or well-being specialists. According to the sources, the consumer group belonging to the age range of 30 to 55 are solidly backing the growth of this industry (Alternative, 2007). It has cited many reasons behind this new fad over alternative medicine, like its non-invasive nature, high cost of allopathic substitutes, or the ease in operation. FUTURE SCOPES As is the case of any other industry, the future of Healthcare industry is also dependent on two common factors like new discoveries and change in social situations. As far as new discoveries are concerned, this industry is brimming with possibilities, with newer avenues already identified with huge potentials. With the advancement in the gene technology there are indications of some new bends taking place in the near future. That would sure usher in new technologies, new line of medicines and overall new approach to this industry as well. This new phase of the industry might align with the hidden desires of the humans as well desires like customized creation of the offspring or customizing the human behavioural process or for that matter, customizing the parts of the body all these hidden desires of humans could surface with the advancement of biotechnology (The Future, 2007). In the event of such a possibility, the entire course of this industry might take a new route, of which n o one can guess correctly. CONCLUSION The Healthcare industry presently seems to be more dynamic than any other industry, as it is evident in its constant ramification and rapid growth. The uniqueness of this industry lies in the fact that it can accommodate anyone irrespective of the standard yardstick of education, people can earn by being self-employed. This industry is blessed with the constant research and development movement, and thus never falls short ideas to create new niches of business. Alongside, social situations are also favouring its growth and sustenance with its tendencies. Paradoxically, the decline in the global environment has extended the horizon of this industry as well there are more asthma patients than ever due to automobile pollution or there are more victims of sun radiation all of whom have emerged out as the prospective clients. However, on the sunny side of it, the new-age culture of attaining physical and mental freedom has also started bringing up another branch of this industry into li melight and that is, alternative medicine. As it is evident in the bulk presence of alternative medicines in the shelves of the medical shops, this segment has already made significant advancement in grabbing the market share, and is showing enough promise for the future. Altogether, the overall prospect of this industry is encouraging more than ever. REFERENCES "Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality." Website. Retrieved on Nov 21, 2007, "Alternative Medicine." Webzine. Retrieved on Nov 21, 2007, "Alternative Medicine Goes Mainstream." Web Article. "Healing health care. Together." Webzine. "Health Care." 2007. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labour Statistics. "Healthcare." Website. Retrieved on Nov 21, 2007, "Healthcare industry." 2007. Web Article. Retrieved on Nov 23, 2007.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Cecilia Beaux Bio - American Portrait Painter

Cecilia Beaux Bio - American Portrait Painter Movement, Style, School or Type of Art: Realism, specifically portraiture. The artist was frequently (and favorably) compared to John Singer Sargent, which she took as a compliment. Beaux executed some technically flawless, personally uninspiring drawings of fossils and shells for the paleontologist E. D. Cope in 1874. Though it was a paying job, she so disliked portraying anything except people (and the occasional cat), she never again ventured outside of portraiture. Her start here involved painting the faces of children on yet-to-be-fired porcelain plates a briefly lucrative proposition that allowed her to bank funds with which to pursue her true ambition: oil portraiture in the grand manner (i.e.: full-length poses of nicely-clothed, usually-wealthy sitters). Date and Place of Birth: May 1, 1855, Philadelphia Records indicate that Beauxs christened name was Eliza Cecilia, after her mother, Cecilia Kent Leavitt (1822-1855). She was thus connected with old Main Line Philadelphia Society, although the Leavitt family had become decidedly middle class by the time of the artists birth. Unfortunately, Beauxs mother died of puerperal fever a scant 12 days after giving birth. Her grieving father, silk merchant Jean Adolphe Beaux (1810-1884) returned to France, leaving Cecilia and her older sister, Aimà ©e Ernesta (Etta), to be raised by the Leavitts. Cecilia was known as Leilie to family, for her father could not bear to call the infant by her dead mothers name. Early Life: It may sound incongruous to say that the two little sisters, de facto orphans, were fortunate to be raised by relatives. However, their grandmother, Cecilia Leavitt, and their maiden aunts Eliza and Emily, were remarkably progressive women. Etta and Leilie were educated in a home that valued female scholastic and artistic pursuits, and saw their Aunt Eliza contribute monetarily to the household by working as a music teacher. It was evident from an early age that Leilie had a talent for drawing. The Leavitt women and Aunt Eliza, in particular encouraged and supported her efforts. The girl was given her first drawing lessons, a set of lithographs for beginning art students, and visits to see art by Eliza (who had visual art talents, as well as being a musician). When Aunt Emily married William Foster Biddle in 1860, the couple settled into the Leavitt home a few years later. Beaux would later credit Uncle Willie as the biggest influence in her life, second only to her grandmother. Kind and generous, Biddle helped raise the Beaux girls as if they were his own children. For the first time since Leilie was born, the household had a strong male role model and a bit more discretionary income. He, too, encouraged his neice in developing her artistic talents. Although the Leavitts had little money, they were one of Philadelphia societys oldest families. Uncle Willie paid the fees for both girls to attend the Misses Lymans School a must for young women in society circles. Enrolled at age 14, Leilie spent two years there as a decidely average student. She established many good connections, but was unhappy that she couldnt afford the extra fees for art instruction. When Beaux graduated the family decided that she must have proper artistic instruction, so Biddle arranged for her to study with Catharine Ann Drinker, a distant relative and accomplished female artist. Best Known For: Cecilia Beaux was the first female instructor at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. Important Works: Les Derniers jours denfance (The Last Days of Infancy), 1883-85 Date and Place of Death: September 17, 1942, Gloucester, Massachusetts. Disabled since breaking her hip in 1924, 87-year-old Beaux died at her home, Green Alley. Her grave is located at West Laurel Hill Cemetary, Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania, close to Etta (1852-1939) in the Drinker family plot. How To Pronounce Cecilia Beaux: sess ·seal ·ya boh Quotes From Cecilia Beaux: Line is line, space is spacewherever found. The consideration of them is necessary to every work of art, and no such work can exist without them. from the lecture Portriature, 1907.Never was a word more absued than Technique. To many Technique means the purely mechanical, material side of a work, something generally found to be hard, shiny, even vulgar. Just now, to be clumsy is to be admired. Indeed bungling is much in fashion now, in painting. And if one does not bungle naturally, one may easily learn how to do it from the initiated.But the true definition of Technique is very simple. A perfect technique in anything only means that there has been no break in continuity between conception, or thought, and the act of performance. from Address to the Comtemporary Club of Philadelphia Shortly after Sargents Death, 1926In my opinion the charm and magic of color is inseperable from substance; that is, from texture. from the lecture Color, 1928. Sources and Further Reading Cecilia Beaux Papers, 1863-1968. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. Beaux, Cecilia. Background with Figures: Autobiography of Cecilia Beaux.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1930. Bowen, Catherine Drinker. Family Portrait.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1970. Carter, Alice A. Cecilia Beaux: A Modern Painter in the Gilded Age.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New York: Rizzoli, 2005. Drinker, Henry S. The Paintings and Drawings of Cecilia Beaux.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Philadelphia: Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, 1955. Tappert, Tara L. Cecilia Beaux and the Art of Portraiture.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Washington, D.C.: National Portrait Gallery and the Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995.-. Beaux, Cecilia.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Grove Art Online. Oxford University Press, (27 January 2012). Read a review of Grove Art Online. Yount, Sylvia, et al. Cecilia Beaux: American Figure Painter (exh. cat.).Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007. Go to Artist Profiles: Names beginning with B or Artist Profiles: Main Index

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Britan Industrial Relations Sytem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Britan Industrial Relations Sytem - Essay Example In the 19th century Britain was at the peak of its power it ruled over a huge territory. In fact the whole world. It is the leading industrial and naval power of the 19th century; it led the way in developing parliamentary democracy and in advance literature as well as science. The British industrial relations system has a long history and has gone through much change in recent years. Industrial relations are also known as employee relations. Employee relation is are partly concerned with groups of employees who are represented by trade unions (Ed 2004 p 4). There are three phases in the evolution of employee relations since the end of the World War II, the third one being the partnership approach. Until 1979 (date of the election of the Conservative Party), work relations were based on collective bargaining and collective agreement aiming to determine and regulate, in varying degrees, the terms on which individuals will be employed (Flanders 1968 p35), with a strong voluntarism encouraged massively and informally. The trade unions (basically, it is an association of wage earners, totally independent of employers pressure, who struggle to improve work conditions) had a lot of power and everything was negotiated through deals. A Trade Union, through collective bargaining can force employers to deal with labour as a collective identity, rather than isolated individuals and so, secure better the terms and condition of employment. Nevertheless, in 1979when the conservative party won the election, everything changed. The new government used a lot measures to restrict the role of trade unions. In addition, it introduced an enterprise culture in which individuals and organisations, rather than government, were to be held responsible for economic performance. Thus, as well as rejecting the maintenance of full employment as a major policy objective, they in effect abandoned the commitment of their